In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibiofilm and quorum sensing inhibitory activities of Scandix pecten-veneris L., Artedia squamata L., Oenanthe pimpinelloides L.

Abstract

Plants have been widely used as a pharmaceutical to treat diseases in many cultures for centuries. In vitro biological activities of some plants consumed as food and used in traditional medicine in Southwestern Anatolia have been reported. The present study focused on the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of Scandix pecten-veneris L., Artedia squamata L., Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against fifteen bacteria and one yeast using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of A. squamata showed the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus MU 47 with 20 and 23 mm zone diameters, respectively. The ethanol extract of S. pecten-veneris inhibited Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 at a 5 mg/mL MIC value. The aqueous extract of O. pimpinelloides inhibited biofilm formation of S. aureus MU 40, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and C. albicans ATCC 10239 at MIC value. All extracts displayed violacein inhibition against Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 in the concentration range of 1.25 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL. The aqueous extract of A. squamata showed valuable anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) activity with a pigment inhibition zone of 17 mm on Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. The aqueous extract of S. pecten-veneris inhibited the swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 by 47.6%. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of A. squamata indicated the best antioxidant activity. It was proved that these edible plant extracts could be used as natural alternative inhibitors to control microbial pathogenesis and diseases.