In vitro assay of antagonistic activities of endophytic fungi from Calabash tree leaves against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are microorganisms known as plant-associated fungi and are typically found asymptomatically inside plant tissue. By directly generating secondary metabolites, endophytic fungi help their host plants grow and become more resistant to plant diseases. Furthermore, they can also biosynthesize bioactive compounds used for antimicrobials, which were previously believed to be produced only by the host plant. Medicinal plants as host plants for endophytic fungi which produce secondary metabolites and their ability as biological agents against pathogens. Calabash tree is a medicinal plant that contains active compounds that function as antifungal and antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi from calabash tree leaves against F. oxysporum Fos, the pathogen that causes fusarium wilt in shallot plants. Twelve endophytic fungi were obtained from isolation from the leaves of the calabash tree, namely EnM₆C₂₂, EnM₁₁P₂, EnM₆A₂, EnM₅H₂₁, EnM₁₀H₂₂, EnM₁₂P, EnM₁₁P, EnM₁₁₁, EnM₅H₂₂, EnM₉Pt₂₂, EnM₅H₁ and EnM₅K. Five of the twelve endophytic fungi of calabash tree leaves have been identified, as Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Pestalotia sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Bipolaris sp. with inhibition percentages of 36.43%, 32.19%, 25.41%, 32.19%, and 27.53% respectively at 7 days after inoculation.