Therapeutic challenges in quadruple negative breast cancer

Authors

  • Galina Yaneva Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University ‘Professor Paraskev Stoyanov’ of Varna, Bulgaria
  • Tsonka Dimitrova Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University ‘Professor Paraskev Stoyanov’ of Varna, Bulgaria
  • Stoyan Stoyanov Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University ‘Professor Paraskev Stoyanov’ of Varna, Bulgaria
  • Nikoleta Ivanova Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University ‘Professor Paraskev Stoyanov’ of Varna, Bulgaria
  • Galina Nenkova Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University ‘Professor Paraskev Stoyanov’ of Varna, Bulgaria
  • Dobri Ivanov Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University ‘Professor Paraskev Stoyanov’ of Varna, Bulgaria
  • Ivayla Kuleva Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University ‘Professor Paraskev Stoyanov’ of Varna, Bulgaria

Keywords:

quadruple negative breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, androgen receptor expression, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, therapeutic targets

Abstract

Recently, breast cancer (BC) continuously ranks first in the incidence rate of malignant neoplasms in women worldwide. Quadruple negative (QNBC) is a recently identified subtype of triple negative BC (TNBC) presenting with negative androgen receptor expression. QNBC characterization and treatment is fraught with many challenges. There is cumulative evidence suggesting that QNBC is highly proliferative and immunogenic, rendering it an ideal candidate for cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Some subtypes and related pathway proteins are preferentially expressed in QNBC and may act as effective therapeutic targets such as acyl-CoA synthetase 4, S-phase kinase associated protein 2, immune checkpoint inhibitors and epidermal growth factor receptor. Several recent investigations comparing the therapeutic approach to QNBC and TNBC are briefly reviewed. Further more intensive and problem-oriented research in this topic of rising socio-medical importance is needed.

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Published

2023-01-10

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022)

Section

Cellular and Molecular Biology

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Galina Yaneva

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